Spice Production in India: Overall Production & Major Spice-Producing States
India is the world’s largest producer, consumer and exporter of spices, according to the Spices Board India. In 2024-25, the country exported 17.99 lakh tonnes of spices and spice products worth ₹39,994 crore.
India produces a wide range of spices, including chilli, garlic, ginger, turmeric, coriander, cumin, fennel, fenugreek, pepper, cardamom, tamarind, clove and nutmeg. This blog looks at overall spice production in India and the ten largest spice producing states: Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Telangana, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Odisha, Assam and Uttar Pradesh.
Overall Spice Production in India
The Spices Board India’s spice-wise report provides the combined production figures for the spices covered in its data. The report lists 2024-25 as the final reporting year and 2025-26 as an advance estimate.
Reporting Year | Total Spice Production (tonnes) | Status |
2021-22 | 1,11,49,913 | Final |
2022-23 | 1,18,27,483 | Final |
2023-24 | 1,24,83,215 | Final |
2024-25 | 1,29,91,893 | Final |
2025-26 | 1,28,15,674 | Advance estimate |
Key observations:
Consistent growth in spice production: India's spice production increased from 1,11,49,913 tonnes in 2021-22 to 1,29,91,893 tonnes in 2024-25. This represents an increase of approximately 16.5% over three years.
Highest production in 2024-25: Production reached 1,29,91,893 tonnes in 2024-25, up 4.1% (5,08,678 tonnes) from 2023-24. This was the highest figure recorded in the five-year period.
Production increased each year until 2024-25: Output rose from 1,11,49,913 tonnes in 2021-22 to 1,18,27,483 tonnes in 2022-23 and 1,24,83,215 tonnes in 2023-24, before reaching its peak in 2024-25.
Slight decline in the 2025-26 estimate: The advance estimate for 2025-26 is 1,28,15,674 tonnes, around 1.4% lower than the final 2024-25 figure. This estimate may change when the final production data is published.
Garlic, chilli and ginger account for a major share: In 2024-25, garlic production reached 35.65 lakh tonnes, followed by chilli at 26.95 lakh tonnes and ginger at 26.54 lakh tonnes. Together, these three spices accounted for about 69% of total production by weight.
State-Wise Spice Production in India: A Look at the Major Spice-Producing States
The spice-wise report provides production figures for individual crops, while the Spices Board’s state-wise production report provides the total production figures for each state. The table below uses the state-wise report, with all three years showing final figures in tonnes.
States | Production in 2022–23 | Production in 2023–24 | Production in 2024–25 | Total Production Across Three Years |
Madhya Pradesh | 35,73,219 | 37,24,702 | 38,41,120 | 1,11,39,041 |
Andhra Pradesh | 15,78,591 | 13,21,403 | 13,16,985 | 42,16,979 |
Gujarat | 11,07,647 | 14,39,974 | 11,75,344 | 37,22,965 |
Rajasthan | 9,52,600 | 10,00,495 | 14,69,547 | 34,22,642 |
Telangana | 7,73,180 | 9,30,754 | 7,22,702 | 24,26,636 |
Karnataka | 6,84,813 | 7,05,356 | 7,64,394 | 21,54,563 |
Maharashtra | 5,45,855 | 5,31,765 | 6,28,745 | 17,06,365 |
Odisha | 4,40,507 | 4,78,335 | 4,92,134 | 14,10,976 |
Assam | 3,24,560 | 3,92,403 | 3,99,943 | 11,16,906 |
Uttar Pradesh | 3,26,086 | 3,37,939 | 3,86,835 | 10,50,860 |
Top 10 combined | 1,03,07,058 | 1,08,63,126 | 1,11,97,749 | 3,23,67,933 |
India (all states) | 1,18,27,483 | 1,24,83,215 | 1,29,91,893 | 3,73,02,591 |
Key findings:
Madhya Pradesh leads in spice production: The state recorded the highest production in all three years, contributing about 30% of India's total output. Its combined production over the three years was more than 2.6 times that of Andhra Pradesh, which ranked second by cumulative production.
The top 10 states account for most of India's output: Together, these states contributed 86–87% of national spice production each year.
Several states recorded consistent growth: Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Odisha, Assam and Uttar Pradesh saw their production increase in each of the three years.
Rajasthan recorded the highest growth among the highlighted states: Between 2022-23 and 2024-25, production increased by 54.3% in Rajasthan, 23.2% in Assam, 18.6% in Uttar Pradesh and 15.2% in Maharashtra.
Some states experienced a decline: Andhra Pradesh's production fell by 16.6% over the same period. Telangana's production increased by 20.4% in 2023-24 before dropping by 22.4% in 2024-25. Gujarat recorded its highest production in 2023-24, at 14,39,974 tonnes, before declining by 18.4%.
The rankings changed over the three years: Gujarat moved ahead of Andhra Pradesh to take second place in 2023-24, while Rajasthan ranked second in 2024-25. Karnataka also overtook Telangana for fifth place in 2024-25. Assam moved ahead of Uttar Pradesh for ninth place in 2023-24.
Advance estimates show different figures for some states: The 2025-26 estimates, which are not included in the table, put Madhya Pradesh's production at 38,29,762 tonnes and Rajasthan's at 15,69,208 tonnes. These figures may change when the final data becomes available.
The following ten states are ranked by their combined production over the three years. The spice-specific figures are taken from the Spices Board’s spice-wise data for 2024-25.
1. Madhya Pradesh: Largest Spice-Producing State in India
Madhya Pradesh is India's largest spice-producing state, with a total production of 38,41,120 tonnes in 2024-25. This accounted for about 29.6% of the country's total spice production.
The state leads in garlic, producing 21,97,463 tonnes, or 61.6% of India's total. It is also the largest producer of ginger, at 6,24,138 tonnes, and coriander, at 4,85,562 tonnes. Chilli (3,21,607 tonnes) and fenugreek (98,454 tonnes) also contribute to the state's output. Garlic alone accounts for more than half of Madhya Pradesh's spice production.
2. Andhra Pradesh: India's Chilli Hub
Andhra Pradesh produced 13,16,985 tonnes of spices in 2024-25, accounting for about 10.1% of India's total. Chilli is the state's main spice, with production reaching 11,47,114 tonnes. This represents 87% of the state's total spice production and 42.6% of India's chilli output.
Turmeric (40,660 tonnes) and tamarind (21,694 tonnes) are other notable spices produced in the state. Chilli production fell from 14,58,787 tonnes in 2022-23, accounting for most of the decline in Andhra Pradesh's overall spice production during the three-year period.
3. Gujarat: Leader in Fennel and a Major Cumin Producer
Gujarat produced 11,75,344 tonnes of spices in 2024-25, contributing about 9.0% of India's total production. The state is the country's largest fennel producer, with 1,31,129 tonnes, accounting for 72.8% of national fennel production.
Cumin is Gujarat's largest spice by volume, with production of 4,71,838 tonnes, or 40.5% of India's total. The state also produces coriander (1,76,168 tonnes), garlic (1,16,481 tonnes) and ginger (1,12,996 tonnes). Cumin production rose from 2,74,752 tonnes in 2022-23 to 5,55,422 tonnes in 2023-24 before declining in the following year.
4. Rajasthan: India's Largest Cumin Producer
Rajasthan produced 14,69,547 tonnes of spices in 2024-25, accounting for about 11.3% of India's total. This was a 54.3% increase compared with 2022-23.
Cumin is the state's main spice, with production reaching 6,88,560 tonnes, or 59.2% of India's total cumin output. Production doubled from 3,37,130 tonnes in 2023-24, alongside an increase in the cultivated area from 7,40,062 to 10,81,550 hectares. Garlic (4,97,957 tonnes) and fenugreek (1,29,809 tonnes) are also important crops. Rajasthan recorded the highest fenugreek production among all states.
5. Telangana: Second-Largest Chilli Producer
Telangana produced 7,22,702 tonnes of spices in 2024-25, contributing about 5.6% of India's total. Chilli accounts for most of the state's output, at 6,00,239 tonnes. This represents 22.3% of India's chilli production, making Telangana the country's second-largest chilli producer after Andhra Pradesh.
The state also produced 97,519 tonnes of turmeric in 2024-25, down from 1,73,610 tonnes in 2022-23. Ginger contributed another 20,367 tonnes to Telangana's spice production.
6. Karnataka: A Varied Mix of Spices
Karnataka produced 7,64,394 tonnes of spices in 2024-25, accounting for about 5.9% of India's total. Production increased in each of the three years covered in the report.
Ginger is the state's largest spice by volume, with production of 3,79,151 tonnes. Chilli (2,04,473 tonnes) and turmeric (82,746 tonnes) are also significant contributors. Karnataka is also India's largest pepper producer, with 66,028 tonnes compared with Kerala's 29,503 tonnes. Small cardamom, tamarind and clove contribute smaller quantities to the state's total.
7. Maharashtra: Leading Turmeric Producer
Maharashtra produced 6,28,745 tonnes of spices in 2024-25, accounting for about 4.8% of India's total. The state leads in turmeric production, with 3,07,136 tonnes, representing 27.8% of India's total turmeric output.
Ginger is the second-largest spice by volume, with production reaching 2,35,248 tonnes. This was a 66% increase over 2023-24, following a roughly twofold increase in the area under ginger cultivation. Chilli (33,462 tonnes) and garlic (31,825 tonnes) also contribute to Maharashtra's spice production.
8. Odisha: Steady Growth in Ginger and Turmeric
Odisha produced 4,92,134 tonnes of spices in 2024-25, accounting for about 3.8% of India's total. Production increased each year from 4,40,507 tonnes in 2022-23.
Ginger is the state's largest spice by volume, with production reaching 2,69,513 tonnes, more than half of Odisha's total spice output. Chilli (89,000 tonnes), turmeric (77,526 tonnes) and garlic (43,142 tonnes) account for most of the remaining production.
9. Assam: Ginger, Garlic and Turmeric
Assam produced 3,99,943 tonnes of spices in 2024-25, contributing about 3.1% of India's total. This was a 23.2% increase compared with 2022-23.
Ginger is the state's largest spice crop, with production of 1,76,944 tonnes. Garlic (1,03,780 tonnes), turmeric (59,562 tonnes) and coriander (34,798 tonnes) are also important contributors. Much of the increase in production occurred in 2023-24, when turmeric output rose from 23,333 to 57,455 tonnes and garlic production increased from 71,316 to 1,01,037 tonnes.
10. Uttar Pradesh: Third-Largest Garlic Producer
Uttar Pradesh produced 3,86,835 tonnes of spices in 2024-25, accounting for about 3.0% of India's total. Production increased in each of the three years covered in the report.
Garlic is the state's main spice, with production reaching 2,77,207 tonnes. Uttar Pradesh ranks third among garlic-producing states, after Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. Chilli production also increased, reaching 42,031 tonnes in 2024-25 compared with 27,491 tonnes in 2022-23.
Conclusion
The state-wise production figures show how different parts of India contribute to the country's spice industry. While some states lead in garlic and ginger production, others have a strong presence in chilli, cumin, turmeric, and other spices. This wide range of growing regions gives international buyers access to different spices from across the country.
As demand for Indian spices continues across international markets, sourcing the right variety and quality becomes important for importers.
Looking to import spices from India? We at Ashadhan can help you source the right products for your business. Get in touch with us today!
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